[ v31 p158 ]
31:0158(20)NG
The decision of the Authority follows:
31 FLRA NO. 20 31 FLRA 158 22 FEB 1988 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS AND AEROSPACE WORKERS LOCAL 726 Union and NAVAL AIR REWORK FACILITY, NORTH ISLAND, SAN DIEGO, CA Agency Case No. O-NG-1305 DECISION AND ORDER ON NEGOTIABILITY ISSUES I. Statement of the Case This case is before the Authority under section 7105(a)(2)(E) of the Federal Service Labor - Management Relations Statute (the Statute) and concerns the negotiability of seven provisions of a negotiated agreement disapproved by the Agency head under section 7114(c) of the Statute. 1 For the reasons discussed below, we find that the Agency must rescind its disapproval of Provision 5. The Union's petition for review concerning Provisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 is dismissed. II. Preliminary Matter 2 The Agency argues that section 7106(b)(3), concerning appropriate arrangements for employees adversely affected by the exercise of a management right, is not applicable to the disputed provisions. It claims that section 7106(b)(3) applies only where management exercises its rights to change conditions of employment in a substantial way. The Agency maintains that here, merely routine exercises of management rights are involved. We rejected this argument in American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO Local 2317 and U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentality, Albany, Georgia, 29 FLRA 1587 (1987) (Provision 1) petition for review filed as to other matters sub nom. U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentality, Albany, Georgia v. FLRA, No. 88-8006 (llth Cir. Jan. 5, 1988) and reject it here for the same reasons. We articulated the test, for determining whether a proposal is negotiable as an appropriate arrangement in National Association of Government Employees, Local R14-87 and Kansas Army National Guard, 21 FLRA 24 (1986). Under that test whether the exercise of a management right is routine or results in a substantial change in conditions of employment is not determinative of the question of negotiability. The factor may be a consideration in balancing the interests of employees against those of management, however. III. Provisions I and 2 1. Article 3, Section 12. Any employee who is serving as a Shop Steward or Chief Shop Steward will not be transferred out of the assigned representational area (shop or shift) unless mutually agreed upon by the Union President and the Employer. This section shall not be construed so as to limit the right of the Employer to assign such representative work outside their respective areas as necessitated by the nature of their job. Any dispute as to this section will be discussed with the appropriate Division Director or Department Head and, if still unsolved, may be submitted under the Grievance Procedure. (Only the underlined portion is in dispute.) Section 13. Temporary exceptions to the Section 12 described method of representation may be made only by mutual agreement between the Union Chairman and the Employer. A. Positions of the Parties The Union states that these provisions are intended to allow it to maintain its representatives within their assigned representational areas without limiting the Agency's right to assign work "based on job requirements." It asserts that the provisions are appropriate arrangements which are negotiable under section 7106(b)(3). The Union contends that the provisions were designed to protect employees from a previous management practice of transferring proficient union representatives away from their representation area. It states that this practice adversely affected employees by denying them competent representation and by having a chilling effect on Union representatives. The Agency asserts that the provisions excessively interfere with its right to assign employees and to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(A) and (B). Denying that the practice described by the Union ever existed, the Agency asserts that the negative effects of the provisions on its ability to operate outweigh any benefits to employees. B. Analysis and Conclusion In discussing these provisions, the Union stated in its supplemental submission: The Agency raises a straw dog by asking the question, "Should management have to depend upon the largesse of the union in order to operate in the most efficient manner?" because it ignores the second sentence in this section that says that it "shall not be misconstrued so as to limit the right of the Employer to assign such representatives work outside their respective areas as necessitated by the nature of their job." Therefore management is able to "relocate employees based on workload needs without union concurrence," as the Agency puts it. "Transfers" are different from "assignments." As it happens, many of our stewards do possess "specialized skills" which are, on occasion, "needed in another work location." Past practice in these cases has been to have the two parties meet to discuss the location and duration of the necessary assignments and to make the appropriate arrangements for representation during those assignments (coverage by the Chief Shop Steward or temporary appointment of an Alternate Steward). (Emphasis in original.) Provisions 1 and 2 differentiate between "transfers" and "assignments." Based on the Union's description of how it intends these provisions to operate, we conclude that the term "transfer" means placing an employee in another shop or on another shift on a permanent basis. The term "assignment" refers to situations where an employee is to perform duties in a different shop or on a different shift on a temporary basis. The provisions require the Agency to obtain the Union's agreement before it can "transfer" a Shop or Chief Steward to a shop or shift outside their representational area. Where only an "assignment" is involved, the Agency may do so without the Union's agreement when "necessitated by the nature of their job." We find that Provisions 1 and 2 would restrict the Agency's discretion to "transfer" a Shop or Chief Steward to another shop or shift to perform duties for which they have specialized skills. They would require the Agency to obtain the agreement of the Union in order to make such work assignments. The provisions would limit the Agency's discretion in making assignments of duties to Stewards, on other than a temporary basis, to those duties which existed in the shops and shifts which corresponded with the Steward's representational area. The provisions directly interfere with the Agency's right to assign work by conditioning the Agency's ability to reassign employees to other duties upon obtaining the permission of the Union. See National Labor Relations Board Union,_ Local 19 and National Labor Relations Board, Region 19, 2 FLRA 775 (1980) (proposal establishing a condition on management's ability to assign specified duties to a particular employee directly interferes with management's right to assign work). See also, Colorado Nurses Association and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ft. Lyons, Colorado, 25 FLRA 803 (1987) (Proposal 4), petition for review filed sub nom. Colorado Nurses Association v. FLRA, No. 87-1104 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 25, 1987). Based on the Union's explanation of these provisions, we conclude that they would have the additional effect of conditioning the Agency's ability to transfer or reassign a Steward to a position outside the Steward's representational area on the agreement of the Union. Under section 7106(a)(2)(A) of the Statute the right to assign an employee encompasses the discretion to determine which employee will be assigned. See American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO and Air Force Logistics Command, Wright - Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, 2 FLRA 604, 613 (1980), affirmed sub nom. Department of Defense v. FLRA, 659 F.2d 1140 (D.C. Cir. 1981), cert. denied sub nom. AFGE v. FLRA, 455 U.S. 945 (1982). These provisions restrict the Agency's discretion to determine which employee to assign to a position. Specifically, they require the Agency to obtain the Union's permission in order to assign a Steward to a position which is outside of the Steward's representational area. See American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO, Local 3529 and Defense Contract Agency, 3 FLRA 301 (1980). These provisions interfere with the Agency's right under section 7106(a)(2)(A) to assign employees. Having found that Provisions 1 and 2 interfere with the Agency's rights to assign employees and to assign work, we turn to the question of whether they are negotiable as appropriate arrangements under section 7106(b)(3). We do not condone, of course, transferring proficient stewards away from their assigned representational areas because of their Union activities, which the Union alleges to have occurred in the past. We do not pass on that allegation, here. Such questions should be resolved under the unfair labor practice procedures. See, for example, U.S. customs Service. Washington, D.C. and National Treasury Employees Union, 24 FLRA 773 (1986). However, even assuming that Provisions 1 and 2 constitute "arrangements" for employees adversely affected by the Agency's exercise of its rights under section 7106, we find that they excessively interfere with the Agency's right to assign employees and to assign work. The provisions would make the Agency's ability to "transfer" stewards to shops and shifts outside their representational area dependent on the Union's agreement. Thus, they would eliminate the Agency's discretion to take such actions. Any exceptions to the requirement that the Union's permission be obtained are also dependent on the Union's agreement. No allowance is made for the Agency to retain its ability to "transfer" stewards without the Union's agreement, even in circumstances where it has compelling reasons to effect a transfer. In all circumstances, the Agency must obtain the Union's agreement. The provisions subordinate the Agency's needs to Union's interests in maintaining Stewards in shops or on shifts which correspond to the representational area to which the Stewards are currently assigned as Union representatives. On balance, we find that the provisions excessively interfere with the Agency's right to assign employees and to assign work. Therefore, they are not negotiable. IV. Provision 3 Article 13, Section 3. Other basic schedules and shift hours may be established under conditions where the facility would otherwise be seriously handicapped in carrying out its mission. Such workweek schedules will not be made for the reason of avoiding the payment of overtime. In this regard, changes will be discussed with the Union prior to becoming effective. (Only the underlined portion is in dispute.) A. Positions of the Parties The Agency asserted in its memorandum disapproving portions of the parties agreement that Provision 3 is inconsistent with 5 C.F.R. 610.121(b), a Government-wide regulation. The Agency additionally contends that the provision interferes with management's right to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(B). Agency Statement of Position at 3. The Union claims that this provision constitutes a negotiable appropriate arrangement under section 7106(b)(3). B. Analysis and Conclusion Under 5 U.S.C. 6101(a)(3)(A), agencies are required to give employees a minimum of 7 days' advance notice of changes in work schedules with two exceptions: where the agency would be (1) seriously handicapped in carrying out its functions or (2) costs would be substantially increased. 5 C.F.R. 610.121(b)(2), relied on by the Agency, implements the statutory provision and uses essentially the same language. The disputed sentence of Provision 3 would prevent the Agency from changing work schedules to avoid the payment of overtime even in circumstances when the Agency determines that the requirements of 5 U.S.C. 6101(a)(3)(A) and 5 C.F.R. 610.121(a) are met. Even if the Agency determined that it would be seriously handicapped in carrying out its functions, or that costs would be substantially increased if it did not change work schedules to avoid overtime, the provision would preclude such changes. Accordingly, we find that Provision 3 is inconsistent with law and Government-wide regulation. Therefore, it is outside the duty to bargain under section 7117(a)(1) of the Statute. Tidewater Virginia Federal Employees Metal Trades Council and Department of the Navy, Navy Public Works Center, Norfolk, Virginia, 25 FLRA 3, 4-7 (1987). In view of this conclusion, we do not reach the Agency's contention that the provision interferes with its right to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(B), or the Union's related claim that the provision is an appropriate arrangement for employees adversely affected by the exercise of management's rights. See National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 29 and Department of the Army, Kansas City District, Corps of Engineers, 21 FLRA 228 (1986). V. Provision 4 Article 13, Section 13(C). When a situation arises involving special qualifications causing an imbalance in an overtime group, the Employer will conscientiously work toward training additional employees in that group based on the anticipated duration of the job and the time required for such training. A. Positions of the Parties The Agency contends that Provision 4 interferes with management's right to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(B). The Union claims that the provision does not violate management's right to assign work under Authority precedent and constitutes a negotiable procedure under section 7106(b)(2), and/or a negotiable appropriate arrangement under section 7106(b)(3). B. Analysis and Conclusion This provision interferes with management's right to assign work. The Union states that this provision is necessary to give meaning to another, undisputed provision in the parties' agreement, which requires "the equitable distribution of overtime by shop, classification and capability to perform the work". Union Response at 4. The Union indicates that this provision is designed to ensure that the "capability to perform the work" and, thereby, qualification for an equitable share of overtime will not be eroded. The Union claims that in the past, "supervisors . . . would preferentially assign work and training to particular individuals on a regular basis." Id. The Union asserts that training in some form is almost continuous in any shop. Id. It further asserts that "the language 'conscientiously work toward training' merely refers to the time-tested practice within our bargaining unit of assigning on-the-job training to employees who are already at the worker or journeyman level within their respective trades." Union Supplemental Response at fifth unnumbered page. In light of the foregoing, we find that this provision is intended to (1) maintain the ability of the members of an overtime group to share equitably in available overtime work; and (2) accomplish this result by ensuring that such employees receive the training which they need in order to have "special qualifications" and the "capability to perform the work" which is assigned to the group. Union Response to Agency Statement of Position at 4. In order to redress a perceived "imbalance in an overtime group" the provision requires the Agency to provide on-the-job training. Consequently, we reject the Union's statement that the provision means only that the Agency should "attempt" to provide training where the need for special qualifications causes overtime to be unequally distributed. Union Petition for Review at 4. That is not to say that the provision requires the Agency to provide training in every situation when an "imbalance" arises. The provision leaves management with some discretion regarding short-term needs for special skills by allowing the Agency to consider "the duration of the job and the time required for the training." This exception, however, merely highlights the intention that, in all other circumstances, management must provide whatever training is needed to prevent or correct an imbalance in an overtime group. Management's right to assign work clearly encompasses the assignment of training during duty hours. Accordingly, we conclude that this provision directly interferes with management's right to assign work. See American Federation of Government Employees, Local 3231 and Social Security Administration, 22 FLRA 868 (1986) (Proposal 3). We turn now to the question of whether Provision 4 is negotiable as an appropriate arrangement for employees adversely affected by the exercise of management's right to assign work. The Union intends this provision to mitigate the claimed adverse effect which results from employees being "systematically or arbitrarily left out of training opportunities in this technically oriented labor force." it claims that such employees are less able to share equitably in available overtime. While it is not clear that employees are "adversely affected" in the circumstances covered by the provision, we assume for the purpose of this decision that the provision is an "arrangement" within the meaning of section 7106(b)(3). Balancing the respective interests of the Agency and the employees, we find that the proposed arrangement excessively interferes with the Agency's right to assign work. The provision would require the Agency to provide on-the-job training to employees based solely on the existence of an "imbalance" in overtime assignments. The only exception to this requirement relates to the duration of the job requirements producing the overtime opportunities and the time required for the training involved. The provision would eliminate the Agency's discretion to take any other legitimate factors into consideration in deciding whether to provide training. The Union has not shown that the benefit to employees which would flow from this provision outweighs the restrictions on the Agency's discretion. Therefore, on balance, we conclude that the provision excessively interferes with the Agency's right to assign work. It would directly limit the exercise of the discretion inherent in the Agency's right to assign work and does not constitute an appropriate arrangement within the meaning of section 7106(b)(3). See AFGE Local 2782 v. FLRA, 702 F.2d 1183, 1188 (D.C. Cir. 1983), reversing and remanding American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO, Local 2782 and Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C., 7 FLRA 91 (1981) and American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO, Local 2029 and Department of the Navy, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 30 FLRA 650, 654 (1987). VI. Provision 5 Article 13, Section 13(D). An employee will not be brought into a shop to work overtime when there are qualified employees in that shop who desire to work the overtime but have not been so assigned. Exceptions to this provision will be discussed with the appropriate Shop Steward. A. Positions of the Parties The Agency contends that Provision 5 interferes with management's right to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(B). The Union contends that the provision constitutes a negotiable appropriate arrangement under section 7106(b)(3) of the Statute. According to the Union, the provision is intended to provide an equitable distribution of overtime by shop, classification and capability to perform work. Union Petition for Review at 4 and Union Response to Agency Statement of Position at 5. B. Analysis and Conclusion This provision constitutes a negotiable procedure under section 7106(b)(2) of the Statute. We find that the Agency's reliance on the following decisions is misplaced: American Federation of Government Employees, Local 1409 AFL - CIO and U.S. Army Adjutant General, Publications Center, Baltimore, Maryland, 16 FLRA 352 (1984) (Provision 1); American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO, International Council of U.S. Marshals Service Locals and Department of Justice, U.S. Marshals Service, 11 FLRA 672 (1983) (Proposal 2); and National Association of Air Traffic Specialists and Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 6 FLRA 588 (1981) (Proposal V). In those cases, the Authority found nonnegotiable proposals which, respectively, would have had the following effects: limiting the assignment of overtime to bargaining unit employees; eliminating the discretion to assign work to particular employees; and requiring assignment of specific work to qualified bargaining unit employees, not to other employees in the unit or employees outside the unit. Provision 5 applies if management determines that (1) overtime work will be performed in a particular shop and (2) there are employees both within and outside of that shop who are qualified to do that work. If these requirements are met, Provision 5 requires the Agency to select qualified volunteers from within the shop. When management has determined that two or more employees are equally qualified to perform a task, the selection of any of those employees to perform the work is consistent with management's right to assign work. National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1622 and U.S. Commissary, Fort Meade, Maryland, 16 FLRA 998 (1984) (Provision 2) (procedure requiring management to accede to an employee's request to be relieved of an overtime assignment if another employee, qualified and willing to do the work, were available is negotiable). Provision 5 does not limit management's discretion to determine both whether overtime work will be performed in a shop and, if so, which employees are qualified to perform that work. Accordingly, we find that the provision constitutes a negotiable procedure by which the selection for overtime assignments in a particular shop would be made from among those employees deemed by management to be qualified. See National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1853 and U.S. Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, N.Y., 29 FLRA 94 (1987) (Provision 3) (procedure by which selection for overtime assignments would be made from among volunteers deemed by management to be qualified found to be negotiable) and International Plate Printers, Die Stampers and Engravers Union of North America, AFL - CIO, Local 2 and Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Washington, D.C., 25 FLRA 113 (1987) (Provisions 5 and 9) (procedures for the assignment of overtime, based on inverse seniority, to employees determined by the agency to be qualified and allowing an employee to refuse an overtime assignment where a qualified employee was available to take his place found to be negotiable). VII. Provision 6 Article 13, Section 15. The employer agrees that work on established holidays will be kept to a minimum and that holiday work will be assigned only when it is essential to accomplish work which may not be interrupted or to meet urgent workload demands. A. Positions of the Parties The Agency claims that Provision 6 interferes with management's right to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(B). The Union claims that Provision 6 constitutes a negotiable appropriate arrangement under section 7106(b)(3). B. Analysis and Conclusion Provision 6 limits the circumstances in which management could require work to be performed on holidays. It thereby restricts management's discretion to determine when work which has been assigned will be performed. The right to assign work under section 7106(a)(2)(B) encompasses the right to determine when work which has been assigned will be performed. Accordingly, we find that Provision 6 directly interferes with management's right to assign work. American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO, Local 1815 and Army Aviation Center, Fort Rucker, Alabama, 28 FLRA 1172, 1175-76 (1987) (Provision 4) (provision which prevented management from assigning work on a Federal holiday if the purpose of the assignment was to avoid assigning overtime work that otherwise would be assigned on a day outside the basic workweek found to be nonnegotiable). See also National Federation of Federal Employees. Council of Consolidated Social Security Administration Locals and Social Security Administration, 13 FLRA 422 (1983) (Proposal 2). We now turn to the question of whether Provision 6 is negotiable as an appropriate arrangement for employees adversely affected by the exercise of that right within the meaning of section 7106(b)(3). According to the Union, the provision is intended to ameliorate the adverse effects on employees of having their family lives disrupted by being assigned work on holidays. While it is not clear that employees are "adversely affected" in the circumstances covered by the provision, we assume such an effect for purposes of this decision. American Federation of Government Employees, AFL - CIO, Local 2317, and U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentality, Albany, Georgia, 29 FLRA 1587 (1987) (Provision 1) petition for review filed as to other matters sub nom. U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Logistics Base, Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentality, Albany, Georgia v. FLRA, No. 88-8006 (llth Cir. Jan. 5, 1988). Balancing the respective interests of the Agency and the employees, we find that the proposed arrangement excessively interferes with the Agency's right to assign work and is, therefore, outside the duty to bargain. With specified exceptions, the provision proscribes management's ability to require work to be performed on holidays. Although the provision could limit the extent to which holiday work would intrude into employees' personal time, that intrusion is somewhat mitigated by the fact that they receive premium pay for working on a holiday (even though they might receive an "extra half day premium" if the same work were assigned as overtime on a day outside the basic workload). See Union Response to Agency Statement of Position at 5. We find on balance that the provision's broad proscription of holiday work would have a disproportionately negative impact on the right to assign work compared to the benefits it would give to employees. Accordingly, we find that the provision excessively interferes with the Agency's right to assign work and is outside the duty to bargain. VIII. Provision 7 Article 13, Section 39. An employee who is injured on the job during the first eight (8) hours of the regularly scheduled shift and is sent home because of such injury will receive the regular straight-time hourly rate for the time actually worked and for the balance of the first eight (8) hours of the scheduled shift. If the injury occurs after eight (8) hours have been worked, the employee will receive time and one-half for those hours worked in excess of eight (8). If injury occurs on a weekend, the employee will be paid for actual hours worked or will receive at least four (4) hour's pay. (Only the underlined portion is in disputed.) A. Positions of the Parties The Agency claims that Provision 7 is inconsistent with 5 C.F.R. 532.503(c), a Government-wide regulation. The Union disagrees, claiming that the regulation establishes a "minimum of payment," not a maximum. B. Analysis and Conclusion The Agency asserts without contradiction by the Union that the weekend work referenced in the provision would be performed outside the regularly scheduled workweek and, therefore, would constitute overtime work. Agency Statement of Position at 7. The Agency's undisputed contention as to the meaning of the provisions is consistent with the wording of the provision and we adopt it for the purpose of this decision. Thus, Provision 7 in certain circumstances requires the Agency to guarantee 4 hours' pay to an employee who is called back for weekend overtime work whether or not the employee performs 4 hours of work. We find that Provision 7 is inconsistent with 5 C.F.R. 532.503(c), a Government-wide regulation and, thus, is outside the duty to bargain under section 7117(a)(3). That regulation states that in certain circumstances, callback overtime work performed by an employee must be considered to be at least 2 hours in duration for the purpose of determining overtime pay, regardless of whether the employee performs work for those 2 hours. The regulation parallels the statutory provision of 5 U.S.C. 5542(b)(1), which authorizes callback overtime pay for General Schedule employees and creates an exception to the general rule that overtime can be paid only for the time duty is performed. The provision of 5 U.S.C. 5542(b)(1) and 5 C.F.R. 532.503(c) set the maximum time of 2 hours that a General Schedule or a wage grade employee may be paid callback overtime without performing work. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 2080, AFL-CIO-CLC and Department of the Army, U.S. Corps of Engineers, Nashville, Tennessee, 10 FIRA 222, 228-29 (1982) and National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1380 and Department of the Navy, Naval Coastal Systems Center, Panama City, Florida, 11 FLRA 129 (1983). Since section 7106(b)(3) applies only to management's exercise of one of its reserved rights set out elsewhere in section 7106, it is unnecessary to reach the Union's claim that this provision constitutes a negotiable appropriate arrangement. IX. Order The Agency must rescind its disapproval of Provision 5. 3 The Union's petition for review concerning Provisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 is dismissed. Issued, Washington, D.C., February 22, 1988. Jerry L. Calhoun, Chairman Jean McKee, Member Federal Labor Relations Authority FOOTNOTES Footnote 1 We will not consider in this decision the following matters which were contained in the petition for review but were withdrawn by the Union in its Response to the Agency's Statement of Position: The fourth sentence of Article 3, Section 12; Article 16, Section 4; and Article 19, Section 5. Union response at 2 and 7. Footnote 2 The Agency requested the Authority to consider a supplement to its Statement of Position limited to arguments raised by the Union for the first time in its Response, that the provisions in dispute are negotiable as "appropriate arrangements" under section 7106(b)(3). Consistent with our practice, the Union was given an opportunity to file a response and did so, requesting our consideration. Pursuant to section 2424.8 of our Rules and Regulations we grant the parties' requests and have considered the supplemental submissions. Footnote 3 In finding that this provision is within the duty to bargain, we make no judgment as to its merits.